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Kosmos 2044

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Kosmos 2044 / Bion 9
A Bion spacecraft
NamesBion 9
Biocosmos 9
Biokosmos 9
Mission typeBioscience
OperatorInstitute for Medical and Biological Problems (IMBP)
COSPAR ID1989-075A [1]
SATCAT no.20242
Mission duration14 days
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftBion 9
Spacecraft typeBion
ManufacturerTsSKB
Launch mass6,000 kg (13,000 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date15 September 1989,
06:30:00 UTC
RocketSoyuz-U 11A511U
s/n T15000-599
Launch sitePlesetsk, Site 41/1
ContractorTsSKB
End of mission
Recovered bySoviet Space Forces
Landing date29 September 1989, 02:53 UTC
Landing siteMirny, Soviet Russia,
Soviet Union
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit[2]
RegimeLow Earth orbit
Perigee altitude216 km (134 mi)
Apogee altitude294 km (183 mi)
Inclination82.30°
Period89.30 minutes
← Bion 8
Bion 10 →
The capsule of Kosmos 2044

Kosmos 2044, or Bion 9 (in Russian: Бион 9, Космос 2044) was a biomedical research mission involving in nine countries plus ESA: United Kingdom, Hungarian People's Republic, East Germany, Polish People's Republic, Czechoslovakia, United States, Canada, Australia, Soviet Union and European Space Agency (ESA). It was part of the Bion program.

Mission

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Eighty experiments were conducted in such categories as motion sickness, reproduction and regeneration, immunology, and readaptation to a normal gravity environment. A number of different biological specimens were used, including rodents.

The joint United States/Soviet Union experiments were conducted on 2 rhesus monkeys and 10 male Wistar rats. The biological payload also included cell cultures (Escherichia coli). The prime occupants were two macaque monkeys. The 2.3 m diameter descent sphere was successfully recovered after 14 days, but a failure in the thermal control system resulted in the deaths of some of the specimens.

Scientific experiments

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The Bion 9 mission was composed of 80 scientific experiments, but only 30 experiments returned:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Display: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ "Trajectory: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ^ "Experiment 01: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ "Experiment 02: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ "Experiment 03: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ "Experiment 04: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  7. ^ "Experiment 05: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ "Experiment 06: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ^ "Experiment 07: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  10. ^ "Experiment 08: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  11. ^ "Experiment 09: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. ^ "Experiment 10: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  13. ^ "Experiment 11: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  14. ^ "Experiment 12: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  15. ^ "Experiment 13: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  16. ^ "Experiment 14: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  17. ^ "Experiment 15: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  18. ^ "Experiment 16: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  19. ^ "Experiment 17: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  20. ^ "Experiment 18: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  21. ^ "Experiment 19: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  22. ^ "Experiment 20: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  23. ^ "Experiment 21: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  24. ^ "Experiment 22: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  25. ^ "Experiment 23: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  26. ^ "Experiment 24: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  27. ^ "Experiment 25: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  28. ^ "Experiment 26: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  29. ^ "Experiment 27: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  30. ^ "Experiment 28: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  31. ^ "Experiment 29: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  32. ^ "Experiment 30: Bion 9 1989-075A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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